Nobelova cena

Mezinárodní cena, udílená od roku 1901 za objevy ve fyzice

, chemii, fyziologii nebo lékařství, za literaturu, za boj za mír a od roku 1969 rovněž za ekonomii z fondu 32 milionů švédských korun, založeného A. B. F. Nobelem. O udělení Nobelovy ceny rozhoduje švédská Královská akademie věd ve Stockholmu (275 členů), o Nobelově ceně za mír norský Nobelův ústav v Oslo a Nobelovu cenu za ekonomii uděluje Švédská národní banka. Nobelovu cenu mohou od roku 1968 sdílet maximálně tři osobnosti. Od roku 1974 je možné udělit Nobelovu cenu i posmrtně osobě, jenž byla vyhlášena nositelem ceny, ovšem zemřela před slavnostním předáním dne 10. prosince. Některé osobnosti, jenž Nobelovu cenu získaly: M. C. Skłodowská (1903 za fyziku, 1911 za chemii), J. Bardeen (1956 a 1972 za fyziku), F. Sanger (1958 a 1980 za chemii), Mezinárodní červený kříž Comité International de la Croix Rouge (1917, 1944 a 1963 za mír), Wangari Maathai (2004 za mír), Mohamed Baradej (2005 za mír), Robert J. Aumann spolu s Thomasem C. Schelling (2005 za ekonomii), Harold Pinter (2005 za literaturu), Barry J. Marshall spolu s J. Robin Warrenem (2005 za lékařství). Na čelní straně medaile je vyobrazen Alfred Nobel s nápisem ALFRED NOBEL a data jeho narození a úmrtí NAT.MDCCC XXXIII OB.MDCCC XCVI. Na zadní straně je nápis Inventas vitam juvat excoluisse per artes – vynálezy zlepšují život, který je zkrášlován uměním; dále písmena REG. ACAD. SCIENT. SUEC., jenž znamenají Královskou švédskou akademii věd; také je zde jméno laureáta.

Vytvořeno: 14. 3. 2000
Aktualizováno: 23. 12. 2024
Autor: -red-

Odkazující hesla: Aage Niels Bohr

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